Jentashapir Journal of Cellular and Molecular Biology
Volume:7 Issue: 4, Aug 2016

This study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of cognitive-behavior therapy on depression and craving beliefs of abusers under methadone maintenance treatment, who referred to addiction treatment clinics of Bushehr city..
The statistical population of this research included all abusers, who referred to the addiction treatment centers (clinics) of Bushehr city. In regards to the research objectives, sampling was purposive and random. By referring to the addiction treatment clinics of Bushehr city, drug abusers were invited to participate in the study. The participants firstly completed the Beck depression inventory and craving questionnaire. Then, drug abusers with scores one standard deviation higher than the mean score of the Beck depression index and one standard deviation higher than the mean score of craving beliefs index, were selected. From this group, 20 qualified individuals were selected and divided randomly to two groups (experiment and control groups) and only the experimental group was intervened. After the intervention, both groups took part in the post-test. Data obtained from the research was analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA)..
Results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of depression and temping beliefs (P The results emphasize the importance of the use of these interventions in abusers under methadone maintenance treatment and provide new horizons in clinical interventions..

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between attitude towards oneself, the world and the future, and parental stress in mothers of children with learning disability..
The population of the study was all mothers that had a child with learning disabilities, studying in learning disabilities special schools during academic year 2014 - 2015, in Ahvaz. They were selected by ‘counting all’ sampling method after answering the research tools including parental stress scale and cognitive triad inventory. Among all mothers, 98 mothers, who had answered the questionnaires completely participated in the study. Obtained data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise regression analysis and by SPSS-16 software with significance level of 0.05..
The mean and standard deviation obtained was 24.71 ± 7.09 for attitude towards oneself, 25 ± 6.14 for attitude towards the world, 25.09 ± 7.55 for attitude towards the future, and 70.57 ± 7.06 for the parental stress score. There was a significant positive relationship between a negative attitude towards oneself and the future, and parental stress..
Stepwise multiple regression analysis illustrated that attitude towards the future can foresee 16% of the variance of parental stress, among the cognitive attitudes..

Children’s health in the first years of life plays a significant role in their physical, mental, and social performance in the future. One factor that can affect children’s health is increasing mother’s education and participation in the job market. Due to an increase in mothers’ employment as well as children’s malnutrition, the effects of mothers’ education and employment on children’s health were analyzed in this paper.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mothers’ employment and education on children’s health at birth..
Research data were gathered from health care records (HCRs) of children at 10 health centers of Tehran in 2013. These children were randomly selected by the multi-stage sampling method. According to the Cochran formula, sample size at error level of 5% was 382, yet 400 questionnaires were completed. In order to estimate the regression model, Probit and Ordered Probit methods were used by applying the endogenous explanatory variable in the Stata software..
The Probit model results indicated that mothers’ employment increases the possibility of children’s low birth weight due to malnutrition by 65% and father’s education increases the possibility of children being healthy by 35%. However, “family size” and “being twins” decrease the possibility of children being healthy by 35 and 97%, respectively. The Ordered Probit model results showed that mothers’ employment decreases the possibility of children having normal weight for age Z score (WAZ) by 23% and increases the possibility of children having a low birth weight and extremely low birth weight by 13 and 10%, respectively. However, increasing mothers’ education will decrease the possibility of children's low birth weight..
In both models, mothers’ employment had a negative effect on children’s health at birth; i.e. mothers’ employment increased the possibility of low birth weight due to malnutrition in children. However, mother’s education had a positive effect on children’s health at birth; i.e. an increase mothers’ education will decrease the possibility of children’s low birth weight. “Family size” and “being twins” have negative effects on the children’s health at birth..

A tooth eruption is a process that buds move from the initial development place in alveolar bone to the final performance place in the oral cavity. The present study aimed to investigate the attitudes and common opinions of teething between physician and nurse groups..
The current analytical study aimed to determine child health professionals’ attitudes toward the symptoms of tooth eruption..
A random sampling included general practitioners (GPs), dentists, pediatricians and children nurses. Data were collected using a researcher- made questionnaire. There were 213 respondents, 14 pediatric specialists, 74 general practitioners, 45 dentists and 80 nurses filled out the questionnaires. After completing the questionnaires, information was transferred to the statistical software SPSS16 and analyzed using ANOVA and Chi-square test..
Participants were nurses, general practitioners, pediatric dentists and pediatricians 37.6%, 34.7%, 21.1% and 6.6%, respectively. The number of female nurses was much higher than those of other staffs. Nurses were the youngest group and the pediatricians were the eldest. The staffs had common attitudes toward earache, ear infection, cough and red cheek. The majority of staffs in each group disagreed with the fact that earache, ear infection, cough and red cheek were teething symptoms. Biting and irritability were two specific symptoms that pediatricians agreed with, this pattern for nurses was gum rubbing and biting, and for general practitioners was gum rubbing and irritability. Biting and gum rubbing were two symptoms that dentists were interested in. Pediatricians did not agree with some of the symptoms such as urine malodor, green stool, ear infection and constipation..
Almost many pediatric health professionals believe that teething causes a wide range of symptoms, most of which are minor and related to discomfort rather than physical illness. The current study findings were consistent and in contrast with those of many other studies on professional beliefs of teething symptoms. Such beliefs by various staffs may create optimal management of common patterns of illness during teething..

Performance evaluation is a process, which deals with the evaluation, measurement and judgment of performances over a certain period of time..
The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences’ hospitals using the Pabon Lasso model..
In this descriptive cross-sectional study, ten educational hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS) were investigated. Data included the following indicators: bed turnover rate (BTR), bed occupancy rate (BOR) and average length of stay (ALS). The data-gathering tool was standardized by the deputy of curative services of the ministry of health and medical education (MOHME). Data was collected from the information technology and statistics management department of MUMS databank, entered into the Excel software, validated, and implemented to depict the Pabon Lasso graphic chart. The position of the hospitals was recognized and analyzed in terms of the above indexes..
Doctor Sheikh hospital has been shifting variably between the second and third quadrants; Hashemi Nejad hospital was moved to the third quadrant in 2006 to 2011 and finally to the first quadrant in 2011. The status of Shariati hospital and Omolbanin hospital remained constant in the first and second quadrants during these six years. Finally, the KhatamolAnbiya hospital was moved from the second quadrant to the third quadrant during these six years.
According to the results, only 30% of Mashhad’s medical centers (Hashemi-Nejad, Anbiya and doctor Sheikh hospitals) were in the third quadrant. In addition, the study findings showed the performance of each hospital according to the Pabon Lasso model. This information can be used to gain the awareness of hospital administrators about their hospital’s situation and position compared to other hospitals, to maintain and upgrade their performance..

Protein misfolding and aggregation are the main causes of serious diseases; thus the study of mechanism and effective factors is necessary to find the cure. Since most of the proteins have the ability to produce aggregations, available and non-infectious proteins can be studied as models. Insulin is one of the best models in this field..
The current study evaluated the effect of three temperatures of 0°C, 37°C and 47°C and neutral and acidic pH on insulin structure and misfolding by silico simulation. An insulin structure obtained by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is simulated by GROMACS package under different conditions. The secondary structure of insulin amino acids was studied in acidic and neutral conditions..
Based on the study findings the low temperature, 0°C, and acidic condition change the structure more strongly than other mentioned conditions. The low temperature and acidic conditions seem to have the most misfolding effect on insulin structure. It is hoped to find more details about the misfolding mechanism and the inducing agents..
Accordingly, it can be concluded that locally low temperatures and acidic conditions are the main suspected reasons for protein misfolding..